AWS's RNG network cuts routers by 69% with quasi-random flat topology
New passive optical ShuffleBoxes enable scalable flat data center networks for the first time.
Data center networks have traditionally relied on fat-tree topologies—hierarchical structures that simplify routing but suffer from inefficiency, congestion, and fragility. Theoretically, random flat networks offer optimal performance and resilience, but they were impractical due to complex routing computations and chaotic cabling. AWS researchers set out to solve both problems.
They developed a quasi-random network topology that preserves the benefits of randomness while enabling practical routing, and created a passive optical component called ShuffleBox for neat cabling. The resulting design—RNG (Resilient Network Graphs)—uses 69% fewer routers, improves throughput by up to 33%, and cuts electricity consumption by 40%. It is already deployed in AWS data centers and is the default for most new builds. The network is also highly resilient: losing 1% of routers causes only 1% capacity loss, avoiding catastrophic failures.
- RNG uses 69% fewer routers than traditional fat-tree networks.
- Throughput improves by up to 33% with the new quasi-random topology.
- Network equipment electricity consumption is reduced by 40% in AWS data centers.
Why It Matters
AWS's RNG makes data centers more efficient, scalable, and resilient, cutting costs and energy use significantly.