New seismic imaging reveals magma plumbing systems beneath oceans

In a significant advancement in geophysics, Baptiste Hériard-Dubreuil and colleagues have introduced a novel active-seismic matrix imaging technique to explore magma plumbing systems at the East Pacific Rise (EPR). Their research highlights the complexity of magma reservoirs, revealing a conical on-axis reservoir and interconnected zones that play a crucial role in volcanic eruptions. This study is particularly important as submarine eruptions account for over 80% of Earth's volcanic activity, yet many remain undetected due to their remote locations.

The findings challenge previous models that inadequately explained magma accumulation and migration. By mapping the inner structure of on- and off-axis magma reservoirs, the researchers provide insights into the formation of oceanic crust. Their work demonstrates that magma channels dominate the first 3 km for lower crust formation, while in situ crystallization prevails in the final 1 km. This research not only resolves long-standing debates but also enhances our understanding of volcanic processes, which is vital for predicting future eruptions and mitigating potential hazards.