Online Energy Management for Bidirectional EV Charging with Rooftop PV: An Aging-Aware MPC Approach
Bidirectional EV charging with aging-aware MPC cuts costs and adds €2,410 profit…
Researchers from Chalmers University and partners have developed an online, aging-aware model predictive control (MPC) framework for bidirectional EV charging with rooftop PV. The strategy optimizes vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-home (V2H) power flows over a shrinking horizon, using a detailed battery aging model that captures both calendar and cycle degradation, plus a Transformer-based forecaster for short-term household load and solar irradiance predictions. In a year-long simulation, the approach delivered the lowest total cost among all strategies tested. Adding a rooftop PV system increased annual profit by €1,060.7 versus no-PV operation, and yielded an economic gain of up to €2,410.5 over smart unidirectional charging—all at the cost of just 1.27% extra battery degradation.
Even in the least favorable case with no V2G remuneration, bidirectional operation still produced a €355.8 gain through V2H alone. Sensitivity analyses across V2G price ratios, EV battery sizes, household demand, and pickup time uncertainty confirmed these benefits persist widely. The work, submitted to an IEEE Transactions journal, highlights the potential of EVs as active energy nodes for sustainable, cost-effective energy management in real-world conditions.
- MPC framework achieves €2,410 annual gain over smart unidirectional charging with only 1.27% extra battery degradation.
- Adding rooftop PV increases annual profit by €1,060.7 compared to no-PV operation.
- Even without V2G remuneration, bidirectional V2H still delivers €355.8 economic gain.
Why It Matters
EVs as active energy nodes can save homeowners thousands annually while managing battery health.